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Suugaku - What is Japanese math like?

The Japanese have a different writing from the western one and also several different cultural issues. Many end up wondering how mathematics works in Japan, thinking about that we are writing this article. Mathematics in Japanese is called Suugaku (数学) and there are two of them in Japanese, the western one is called yousan (洋算) and the Japanese way of wasan (和算). 

Japanese also has its own 数字 (sūji) so you don't get lost in Japanese math.

Wasan - The origin of mathematics in Japan

Wasan was developed in Japan during the Edo period (1603-1867), the term wasan literally means Japanese calculus (算) (和). It was coined in the 1870s but is unfortunately in decline because of the influence of Western mathematics. There are not so many differences between Japanese and Western mathematics, it's just historical, but in practice the mathematics is always the same.

Mathematics - what is Japanese mathematics like?

Among the history of mathematics in Japan, one of the greatest pride inventions is the soroban or Japanese abacus. There is also the Sangaku which are mathematical puzzles that were placed in temples and shrines to challenge people. Seki Kowa was the most influential Japanese mathematician before with the West. He discovered solutions to solve systems of linear equations by eliminating dependent variables.

The difference between Japanese and Western mathematics is that they have not applied much of their research and discoveries to areas other than geometry. So they ended up adopting Western mathematics.

multiplication trick

The Japanese have a method to perform multiplications more easily. It consists of drawing sets of parallel lines that represent each digit of the first number to multiply. And then draw sets of parallels, perpendicular to the first sets of parallels, corresponding to each digit of the second number (the multiplier). Look at the figure and count the number of encounters of the parallel lines:

Mathematics - what is Japanese mathematics like?

I can't explain it well in words, but each alignment of the parallel lines represents a digit of the final result. And just like in traditional multiplication, it's better to obtain the result by counting the numbers starting from the back. See one of the examples in the figure written in calculations to see how this method is simpler than the traditional one: 23 x 12 = (2x10 + 3)(1x10 + 2) = 2x1x102 + [2x2x10 + 3x1x10] + 3x2 = 276

How do the Japanese do calculations?

Mathematics in Japan is done in the same way as in the West. Even Japanese children are already introduced to the Arabic numbers we use, but they also use the ideograms. One of the few things that changes is the pronunciation in Japanese, if you know English it's easy because they use a lot of variations of English.

We use the same mathematical symbols from Western mathematics in Japanese. However, Japanese also uses verbs for adding, multiplying... along with Japanese ideograms. We use tasu (足す) as the verb for addition, to sum or plus. Example: 7 + 3 = 10 / nana tasu san wa juu desu (七足す三は十です). In Japanese, we use desu (です) to say equals (=), as in: (X + Y = 50) in Japanese we would say X + Y は 50 です。 And we use the word ten to refer to the decimal point ( . and , ) in numbers. Example: 3,5 (san ten go).

Mathematics - what is Japanese mathematics like?

In Japanese, we can also use the English variation of the 4 mathematical operations (kangenjojo - 加減乗除). They are the same as in Portuguese. Below we will see a list of their pronunciation:

Japanese Derived from English
addition / more tasu (足す) purasu (プラス)
subtraction / minus hiku (引く) mainasu (マイナス)
multiplication / times kakeru (掛ける)
division / divided waru (割る)
Fractions bun (文)

The verbs for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division followed by zan (算) are used to refer to addition, subtraction, division, etc. 引き算 (hikizan), 掛け算 (kakezan), 割り算 (warizan),

Japanese math vocabulary

Of course this is just the basics of Japanese math. For you to delve deeper, we will leave you a vocabulary table for you to carry out your research:

Portuguese Japanese Romaji
Mathematics Mathematics mathematics
Number 数字 / 数 suuji / kazu
Digit Digit keta
Decimal Decimal shousuu
Fraction Fraction bunsuu
Divisor divisor yakusuu
Exponent Index shisuu
Even number even number guusuu
Odd number Odd number kisuu
irrational number irrational number murisuu
rational number Rational number yuurisuu
Reason Compared to hi
Quantity Quantity ryou
Volume Volume taisei
Area Area menseki
Angle angle "kakudo"
Length length nagasa
Weight Weight omosa
Speed Speed hayasa
Prime number Prime number prime number
negative number Negative number fu no suu
positive number positive number sei no suu
Calculation Calculus bisekibungaku
Differential calculus Calculus bibungaku
Integral Calculus Calculus sekibungaku
Multivariate Calculus Multivariable calculus tahensuubibunsekibungaku
Fractions Fraction bunsuu
Trigonometry Triangle Law sankakuhou
Probability Probability kakuritsu
Statistics Statistics statistics
Geometry Geometry kikagaku
Algebra Algebra great learning
Linear Algebra Linear Algebra senkeidaisuugaku
Differential Geometry Differential Geometry binbukikagaku
Square square seihoukei
Triangle triangle sankakukei
Rectangle rectangle chouhoukei
Trapezoid trapezoid large form
Parallelogram parallelogram heikoushihenkei
Diamond Rhomboid hishigata
Pipe kite shape takogata
Cube cube rippoutai
Pyramid pyramid awakening
square pyramid Square pyramid student
Prism prism kakuchuu
triangular prism triangular prism sankakuchuu